June 1st

June 1, 1495 – The first written record of Scotch Whisky appeared in Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. Friar John Cor was the distiller.

June 1, 1533 – Anne Boleyn was crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey in London.

June 1, 1638 –  The 1st earthquake was recorded at Plymouth, Massachusetts.

June 1, 1670 – English King Charles II & French King Louis XIV signed and sealed in secret the Secret Treaty of Dover. Charles agreed to assist France in its war against the Dutch and, crucially, to convert to Catholicism. In return, Louis provided generous financial subsidies to free Charles from depending on Parliament. The religious clauses were deliberately kept so secret that even most of Charles’s ministers were unaware of them. The existence of the secret treaty remained hidden from the public for over a century.

June 1, 1774 – Boston Port Act followed the passage of the act. The British government ordered Port of Boston to be closed to punish colonists for the Boston Tea Party.

June 1, 1792 – Kentucky was admitted as the 15th state of the U.S.

June 1, 1796 – Tennessee was admitted as the 16th state of the U.S.

June 1, 1831 – The British explorer James Clark Ross discoverED the North Magnetic Pole. It is the location where the Earth’s magnetic field points directly downwards. It lies in the vicinity of the Geographic North Pole.

June 1, 1868 – James Buchanan (American politician, 15th President of the United States) passed away

June 1, 1869 – Thomas Edison was granted his first patent for the Electric Vote Recorder.Edison took his invention to Washington, D.C. to demonstrate it to a Congressional committee.The device was rejected. “Young man, if there is any invention on earth that we don’t want down here, that is it.”

June 1, 1880 – The first pay telephone service in the United States was installed in New Haven, Connecticut

June 1, 1881 – The first Dutch telephone exchange was opened by the Nederlandsche Bell-Telephoon Maatschappij in Amsterdam

June 1, 1888 – California became the first state in North America to seismograph. Making it the birth of the earthquake recording.

June 1, 1927 – Peace Bridge between US and Canada opened. It connected Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York across to the Niagara River.

June 1, 1935 – Compulsory driving tests and license plates were introduced in the United Kingdom

June 1, 1938 – Protective helmets were worn for the very first time by baseball batters .

June 1, 1968 – Helen Keller (an American author, disability rights advocate, political activist and lecturer) passed away

June 1, 1974 – The heimlich maneuver was published. Henry Heimlich is credited with developing the technique using abdominal thrusts to stop choking.

June 1, 1979 – Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) ended it’s 90 years of white rule. In 1980, the Republic of Zimbabwe achieved sovereignty from the United Kingdom.

June 1, 1980 – The Cable News Network (CNN) began broadcasting.

June 1, 2008 – Yves Saint Laurent (French fashion designer) passed away

June 1, 2009 – Air France flight 447 crashed into the Atlantic. All 228 people on board died in the crash. It took two years to find and recover the wreckage from the ocean floor.

                                         June 2nd

June 2, 1420 –  Henry V of England married Catherine of Valois at Troyes Cathedral. She was the youngest daughter of King Charles VI of France

June 2, 1780 – The Derby horse races held for the first held in England as the Epsom Derby.It was established by the 12th Earl of Derby and Sir Charles Bunbury

June 2, 1835 – P.T. Barnum and his circus began for their first tour of the United States.

June 2, 1847 – Felix Mendelssohn’s Wedding March was used at a wedding for the first time. Dorothy Carew and Tom Daniel were the first to use the iconic piece for their wedding ceremony. The event that made the work world famous was the wedding of Victoria, Princess Royal and Prince Frederick William of Prussia in 1858.

June 2, 1851 –  Maine became the first state to pass a sweeping statewide ban on the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors, often referred to as the “Maine Law”

June 2, 1855 – The Portland Rum Riot occured in Portland, Maine. It was a crowd of over 3,000 angry residents discovered teetotaling Mayor Neal Dow had secretly stored $1,600 worth of alcohol in City Hall. The confrontation resulted in one death and seven injuries

June 2, 1857 – James Gibbs of Virginia, patented the chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine

June 2, 1863 – Harriet Tubman led the Raid at Combahee Ferry. Harriet and Col. James Montgomery guiding 150 Black Union soldiers to the three federal gunboats to set sail from Beaufort, South Carolina up the Combahee River.She led the ships to specific spots along the shore where fugitives from slavery were hiding and waiting to be rescued. she was the first woman to lead a major U.S. military operation.

June 2, 1873 – Construction began on Clay St in San Francisco for world’s 1st cable railroad.

June 2, 1875 – Alexander Graham Bell made his first sound transmission.

June 2, 1886 – U.S. President Grover Cleveland married Frances Folsom. It was the 1st presidential wedding to be held at the White House.

June 2, 1896 – Italian engineer and inventor Guglielmo Marconi applies for the first ever patent for a system of wireless telegraphy in the United Kingdom

June 2, 1903 – Japanese-American chemist Jokichi Takamine was granted a patent for adrenaline (epinephrine).

June 2, 1935 – Future Baseball Hall of Fame slugger Babe Ruth announceed his retirement as a player. He was 40 years old.

June 2, 1941 – Lou Gehrig (American baseball player) passed away

June 2, 1946 – Italy becomes a parliamentary republic.

June 2, 1953 – Queen Elizabeth II was crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey.

June 2, 1967 – The Beatles album “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” was released in the U.S.

June 2, 1979 – Pope John Paul II became the first pontiff to visit a communist country.

June 2, 1979 – Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley signed the first homosexual rights bill

                                    June 3rd

June 3, 1083 – Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV stormed Rome and successfully captured St. Peter’s Basilica.

June 3, 1492( can’t be confirmed ) – Martin Behaim presented the world’s first globe.Known as the Erdapfel. The original globe is preserved and exhibited at the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg, Germany

June 3, 1539 – Spanish conquistador Hernando De Soto claimed Florida for Spain

June 3, 1748 – Amsterdam established it’s first municipal postal service

June 3, 1784 – The U.S. army officially established by Congress of the Confederation

June 3, 1864 – General Robert E. Lee won his last victory of the U.S. Civil War at the Battle of Cold Harbor

June 3, 1871 – Jesse James & his gang robbed Obocock Bank in Corydon Iowa. Their take away was $15,000.

June 3, 1876 – Lacrosse introduced in Britain and Canada. Dr. George Beers brought a team of Canadian players to Britain to showcase the sport. They played exhibition matches, including one attended by Queen Victoria, who praised it as “a very pretty game to watch”

June 3, 1881 – The Haarlem-Zandvoort railway was opened in North Holland, Netherlands.

June 3, 1884 – John Lynch was chosen to be the 1st black major-party national convention chair.

June 3, 1889 – The Canadian Pacific Railway was completed from coast to coast.

June 3, 1925 – Goodyear airship “Pilgrim” was the first to have an enclosed cabin.

June 3, 1929 –  the 1st trade show happened in Atlantic City Convention Center.

June 3, 1937 – The Duke of Windsor married Wallis Warfield Simpson in Monts, France. As King Edward VIII, he had abdicated the British throne in December of 1936 amid tremendous controversy to marry Simpson, an American who had been divorced. Following the wedding, the couple lived in France and had minimal contact with the British Royal family. The Duke died in Paris on May 28, 1972, and was buried near Windsor Castle in England.

June 3, 1946 – The 1st bikini bathing suit was displayed in Paris, France.

June 3, 1949 – Wesley Anthony Brown was 1st African American graduated from US Naval Academy .

June 3, 1949 – Dragnet was 1st crime drama that was broadcasted on radio. It was on KFI in Los Angeles.

June 3, 1956 –  The 3rd class travel on British Railways ended. The class system moved to first and second class.

June 3, 1969 – Television series “Star Trek” aired its final episode on NBC.

June 3, 1970 –  The 1st total synthesized artificial gene in a living cell was created by  by Nobel laureate Dr. Har Gobind Khorana and his team at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

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June 3, 1972 – Sally Jan Priesand was ordained as a  rabbi. Becoming the first woman rabbi in the U.S. She then became an assistant rabbi at the Stephen Wise Free Synagogue in New York City.

June 3, 1976 – The U.S. was presented with oldest known copy of Magna Carta.The National Archives is now home to the only original 1297 Magna Carta.

June 3, 1985 – the show “Larry King Live” debuted on CNN. It aired each weeknight through December, 2010.

June 3, 1989 – The beginning of the Tiananmen Square Massacre happened as Chinese troops open fire on pro-democracy supporters in Beijing.

June 3, 2013 – The trial against whistleblower Bradley Manning began. The American soldier, a trans woman now called Chelsea Manning, was responsible for leaking classified videos documenting U.S. war atrocities during the Iraq War. She was sentenced to 35 years confinement.

June 3, 2016 – Muhammad Ali (American boxer)passed away

June 3, 2017 – The Amazing World of Dr. Seuss Museum opened in Springfield, Massachusetts.

June 3, 2019 – The company Apple announced it is shutting down iTunes and replacing it with three different apps.

June 3, 2019 –  The rapper Jay-Z was named the world’s first billionaire by Forbes magazine.

                                       June 4th

June 4, 781 B.C. – The ancient Chinese texts had one of the earliest verifiable recorded solar eclipse.

June 4, 1039 – Henry III became Holy Roman Emperor

June 4, 1756 – Quakers leave assembly of Pennsylvania during the franch and Idian war. They were stripped of their right to vote and hold office, completely eliminating the remaining Quaker influence in Pennsylvania’s governing body

June 4, 1850 – Empire Engine Company No. 1 was organized in San Francisco, California.

June 4, 1850 – Self-deodorizing fertilizer was patented in England

June 4, 1887 – Pasteur Institute was founded by French biologist Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux in Paris

June 4, 1896 – Henry Ford took his 1st Ford through streets of Detroit.

June 4, 1912 – State of Massachusetts passed the 1st US minimum wage law.

June 4, 1913 – English suffragette Emily Davison was trampled and mortally wounded by a racechorse called Anmer. It was ridden by Herbert Jones and owned by King George V. During the Derby at Epsom Downs in Surrey, Jones is thrown from  his horse, horse finishes the race jockey-less, Davison dies from her injuries 4 days later.

June 4, 1917 – The first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded. Herbert Bayard Swope for reporting, The New York Tribune for editorial writing, The New York Times for public service, Jean Jules Jusserand for history, Laura E. Richards and Maud Howe Elliott for biography.

June 4, 1917 – American men began registering for the draft

June 4, 1919 – The U.S. Congress approved the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution. Which granted women the right to vote.

June 4, 1922 – W. H. R. Rivers (English anthropologist, neurologist, ethnologist, psychiatrist) passed away

June 4, 1940 – British Prime Minister Winston Churchill delivered his famous “We shall fight on the seas and oceans” speech to the UK House of Commons

June 4, 1942 – The Battle of Midway began.

June 4, 1944 – In WWII, allied troops liberated Rome from the axis powers.

June 4, 1969 – A 22-year-old man snuck into wheel pod of a jet parked in Havana. He survived 9-hr flight to Spain despite thin oxygen levels at 29,000 ft

June 4, 1972 – An express train packed with more than 600 people rammed into a stalled train at full speed in the main station of Jessore, Bangladesh. It  killed 76 and injured over 500 people.

June 4, 1973 -A patent for the ATM was granted to Don Wetzel, Tom Barnes, and George Chastain.

June 4, 1989 – The Chinese government ordered its troops to open fire on unarmed protesters in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The protest had started on April 16 as about 1,000 students marched to mourn the death of Hu Yaobang, a pro-reform leader within the Chinese government. Despite government warnings, pro-reform and pro-democracy demonstrations continued for a month drawing ever-larger crowds of young people, eventually totaling over a million persons. On May 13, three thousand students began an eight-day hunger strike. The government imposed martial law on May 20 and brought in troops. On June 2, in their first clash with the People’s Army, demonstrators turned back an advance of unarmed troops. However, in the pre-dawn hours of June 4, the People’s Army, using tanks, machine-guns, clubs and tear gas, opened fire on the unarmed protesters. Armored personnel carriers then rolled into the square crushing students still sleeping in their tents. The Chinese government later claimed only 300 died in the attack. U.S. estimates put the toll at over 3,000. Following the massacre, over 1,600 demonstrators were rounded up and jailed, with 27 being executed.

                                       June 5th

June 5, 1661 – Isaac Newton was admitted as a student to Trinity College, Cambridge

June 5, 1783 – The first sustained flight occurred as a hot-air balloon was launched at Annonay, France. Brothers Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier’s 33-foot-diameter globe aerostatique ascended about 6,000 feet. In September, they repeated the experiment for King Louis XVI, using a sheep, rooster and duck as the balloon’s passengers.

June 5, 1846 – Telegraph line opened between Philadelphia and Baltimore in the U.S.

June 5, 1851 – Anti-slavery novel “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe was first published in serial form in “The National Era”.

June 5, 1876 – Bananas became popular in U.S. at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia

June 5, 1883 – The first Orient Express left Paris, France.

June 5, 1900 – Stephen Crane (American journalist, author, poet) passed away

June 5, 1920 – The first rivet was driven into the steel frame of the new Bank of Italy headquarters in San Fransico. The location was 1 Powell Street. In 1930 is was renamed Bank of America.

June 5, 1937 – Henry Ford initiated a 32 hour work week

June 5, 1950 – US Supreme Court undermines legal foundations of segregation

June 5, 1956 – Elvis Presley first performed “Hound Dog” live on TV. Presley’s suggestive hip movements during this performance earned him his nickname, “Elvis the Pelvis.” “Hound Dog” became his best-selling song with about 10 million sold copies.

June 5, 1967 –  The Six-Day War began between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.

June 5, 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy was shot and mortally wounded while leaving the Hotel Ambassador in Los Angeles. He died at 1:44 a.m.,June 6, at age 42, leaving behind his wife Ethel and eleven children, the last one born after his death.

June 5, 1977 – The Apple II went on sale. It was one of the first useful PCs.

June 5, 1981 – The first cases of AIDS were reported. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention described five cases of a rare form of pneumonia, a deadly immune deficiency disease which later became known as AIDS. In 2000, more than 40 million people worldwide were affected by it.

June 5, 1988 – Russian Orthodox Church celebrated its 1,000th anniversary

June 5, 2004 – Ronald Reagan (American actor, politician, 40th President of the United States) passed away

June 5, 2012 – Ray Bradbury (American author) passed away

                                       June 6th

June 6, 1536 – Mexico city began its inquisition. The Mexican Inquisition was the extension of the Spanish Inquisition into New Spain, with its official headquarters in Mexico City. The Inquisition used torture, secret passageways, and prolonged imprisonment to extract confessions

June 6, 1639 – Massachusetts granted 500 acres of land to erect a gunpowder mill.

June 6, 1716 – The French transported the first African slaves to Louisiana in the U.S.

June 6, 1832 – The Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railroad opened. Its initial line from Philadelphia to Germantown, Pennsylvania; run is 6 miles (9.7 km) long and creates first US ‘railroad suburb’

June 6, 1833 – Andrew Jackson became the first US President to ride a train.

June 6, 1844 – The YMCA wasfounded.

June 6, 1872 – Pioneering feminist Susan B. Anthony was fined for voting in a presidential election at Rochester, New York. After voting rights had been granted to African American males by the 15th Amendment, she attempted to extend the same rights to women

June 6, 1882 – The electric iron was patented by New York inventor Henry W. Seely. It weighed almost 15 pounds and was very slow to heat up.

June 6, 1890 – United States Polo Association formed in New york city.

June 6, 1912 – The eruption of Novarupta in Alaska began. It was the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century.

June 6, 1921 – Southwark Bridge in London opened to traffic by King George V and Queen Mary.

June 6, 1930 – Frozen food was sold in retail stores for the first time. 18 stores in Springfield, Massachusetts took part in a trial to test consumer acceptance

June 6, 1941 – MLB New York Giants used plastic batting helmets for 1st time

June 6, 1944 – D-Day, the largest amphibious landing in history, began in the early-morning hours as Allied forces landed in Normandy on the northern coast of France.

June 6, 1944 – Alaska Airlines commenced operations

June 6, 1946 – The National Basketball Association (NBA) is founded. The NBA, which comprises teams in the United States and Canada, is considered the world’s premier men’s professional basketball league.

June 6, 1960 – “The Steve Allen Show” last show on NBC-TV

June 6, 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy (American politician, 64th United States Attorney General) passed away

June 6, 1971 – The final broadcast of “The Ed Sullivan Show” (a repeat from 7 February) was on CBS-TV

June 6, 1982 – Israeli forces invaded Lebanon. The 1982 Lebanon War was triggered by the attack on Israeli ambassador, Shlomo Argov, in London on June 3.

June 6, 1984 – The video game Tetris is published. Russian computer engineer, Alexey Pajitnov, created the puzzle game

June 6, 1998 – TV sitcom “Sex and the City” premiered in the U.S. on HBO.

June 6, 2002 – “The Bourne Identity” directed by Doug Liman and starring Matt Damon premiered in the U.S.

June 6, 2013 – Esther Williams (American actress, swimmer) passed away

                                       June 7th

June 7, 1099 – The Siege of Jerusalem began.The exhausted but determined Crusader army, having marched for over three years from Western Europe, encamped outside the city’s massive stone walls

June 7, 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain and Portugal divide the new world along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa

June 7, 1628 – English King Charles I ratified the Petition of Rights

June 7, 1654 – Louis XIV was crowned King of France

June 7, 1665 – Boston’s First Baptist Church was founded. Which is one of the oldest Baptist churches in America.

June 7, 1753 – British Museum was founded by an Act of Parliament with royal assent from King George II. It opened in 1759.

June 7, 1776 – Richard Lee moved the Declaration of Independence to Continental Congress.

June 7, 1862 – The United States and Britain agreed to suppress the slave trade.

June 7, 1875 – California Rifle and the Pistol Association was founded

June 7, 1912 – U.S. army tested the 1st machine gun mounted on a plane

June 7, 1914 – The Panama canal opened.

June 7, 1929 – Vatican City became a sovereign state.

June 7, 1937 – Time magazine published the second of the only two known photos taken of the United States Supreme Court in session

June 7, 1939 – George VI and Elizabeth became the 1st king and queen of Britain to visit USA

June 7, 1954 – Alan Turing (English mathematician) passed away

June 7, 1955 – President Eisenhower was the 1st president to appear on color TV

June 7, 1965 – The U.S. Supreme Court struck down a Connecticut law banning contraception. In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court guaranteed the right to privacy, including freedom from government intrusion into matters of birth control.

June 7, 1967 – Dorothy Parker (American poet, writer) passed away

June 7, 1968 – Sirhan Sirhan was indicted for the assassination of US Senator Robert F. Kennedy

June 7, 1969 – The Johnny Cash Show debuted on ABC-TV

June 7, 1975 – The first Cricket World Cup began.

June 7, 1982 – Elvis Presley’s home Graceland became open to the public

June 7, 1993 – The Artist formerly known as Prince changed his name to a symbol.

June 7, 2016 – “Harry Potter and the Cursed Child”, a play written by Jack Thorne with JK Rowling, premiered in London

June 7, 2020 – COVID-19 global death toll passed 400,000 with confirmed cases at 6,973,195 according to Johns Hopkins figures

                                         June 8th

June 8, 452 – Attila the Hun launched a devastating invasion of the Western Roman Empire, aiming to capture Rome and exploit the empire’s weakened defenses

June 8, 1191 – King Richard I of England arrived at Acre (modern day Israel) to join the Siege of Acre during the Third Crusade.

June 8, 1647 – England parliament banned Christmas, Easter and Whitsun festivities, services and celebrations. This included in the home, with fines for non-compliance – proves unpopular

June 8, 1869 – Ives W. McGaffey of Chicago patented the 1st vacuum cleaner. It was called a “sweeping machine”

June 8, 1783 – Laki volcano in southern Iceland began 8-month eruption. With the end total killing 10,000 and causing widespread famines throughout Asia and Europe

June 8, 1789 – James Madison introduced the Bill of Rights to Congress.

June 8, 1824 – The washing machine was patented by Noah Cushing of Quebec

June 8, 1861 -Tennessee voted to secede from the Union

June 8, 1872 – U.S. Congress endorsed penny post card

June 8, 1887 – Herman Hollerith got a patent for the punch card calculator.

June 8, 1905 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt sent identical notes to Japan and Russia urging them to negotiate and end hostilities, offering his personal services

June 8, 1912 – Carl Laemmle incorporated Universal Pictures

June 8, 1940 –  The discovery of element 93, neptunium was announced

June 8, 1949 – Siam’s name was changed to Thailand

June 8, 1949 – Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell was first published.

June 8, 1968 – The body of assassinated U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy was laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery

June 8, 1972 – Nick Út took his famous “napalm girl” photo. The Pulitzer Prize-winning image officially entitled “The Terror of War” depicts nine-year-old Phan Thị Kim Phúc and other Vietnamese children fleeing a napalm attack during the Vietnam War. It has become one of the best-known symbols for the indescribable sufferings in armed conflicts.

June 8, 1984 – The movie “Ghostbusters” premiered in Westwood, California

June 8, 1987 – New Zealand became a nuclear-free zone. The New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987 barred any nuclear-powered or nuclear-armed ships from entering the country.

June 8, 1990 – Czechoslovakia’s had it’s first free elections in 44 years.

                                                June 9th

June 9, 68 – Roman Emperor Nero committed suicide. imploring his secretary Epaphroditos to slit his throat to evade a Senate-imposed death by flogging

June 9, 1531 – Pope Clement VII and French King Francis I signed secret treaty against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

June 9, 1534 – French explorer Jacques Cartier was the 1st European to sail into mouth of St Lawrence River

June 9, 1549 – Book of Common Prayer was adopted by the Church of England

June 9, 1650 – The Harvard Corporation, the more powerful of the two administrative boards of Harvard, was established. First legal corporation in the Americas.

June 9, 1815 –  New European political situation was set,making the end of the Congress of Vienna

June 9, 1870 – Charles Dickens (English author) passed away

June 9, 1902 – The 1st Automat restaurant opened at 818 Chestnut St, Philadelphia

June 9, 1908 – King Edward VII of Great Britain visited Tsar Nicholas II at Reval, Russia. The two discuss the growing power of Germany and British plans for reform in Macedonia

June 9, 1931 – The first rocket-powered aircraft design was patented by Robert Goddard

June 9, 1934 – Donald Duck made his film debut in The Wise Little Hen.

June 9, 1943 – U.S. President FDR signed Current Tax Payment Act into law. The tax is withheld from worker’s wages to go straight to government

June 9, 1945 – Warner Bros cartoon “A Gruesome Twosome” starring Tweety premiered in U.s.

June 9, 1962 – Warner Bros “Bill of Hare” with Bug Bunny premiered in U.S.

June 9, 1973 – The horse Secretariat won the Triple Crown.

June 9, 1975 – The UK House of Commons broadcasted live by radio for first time

June 9, 1984 – Donald Duck’s 50th birthday was celebrated at Disneyland

                                     JUNE 10TH

June 10, 944 – 15-year old Joe Nuxhall played in a major-league baseball game.

June 10, 1652 – In Massachusetts, silversmith John Hull opened the first mint in America, in defiance of English colonial law. The first coin issued was the Pine Tree Shilling, designed by Hull.

June 10, 1692 – The 1st victim of the Salem witch trials, Bridget Bishop, was hanged after being found guilty of witchcraft in the Colony of Massachusetts

June 10, 1720 – Mrs Clements of England markets revolutionized the condiment by creating the first smooth, dry mustard powder.

June 10, 1752 – Benjamin Franklin tested the lightning conductor with his kite-flying experiment

June 10, 1768 – British customed officials seize John Hancock’s ship, “The Liberty”, on the suspicion that Hancock had illegally unloaded cargo without paying duties a month earlier

June 10, 1793 – The first public zoo opened in Paris, France.

June 10, 1846 – California declared it’s independence from Mexico.

June 10, 1907 – Autochrome Lumière color photography was introduced. The process was invented by the legendary Lumière brothers in 1903. It was the first practical and commercially successful technology for the production of color photos.

June 10, 1935 – Alcoholics Anonymous was founded. Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith established the mutual aid fellowship to battle alcoholism. Today, the organization is active in many countries around the world.

June 10, 1936 – The Russian animation studio Soyuzmultfilm was established. The film studio produced a total of 1530 movies, among them some of the best-known films of the Soviet era, such as Hedgehog in the Fog and The Bremen Town Musicians.

June 10, 1940 – Italy declared war on France and the United Kingdom.

June 10, 1967 – Spencer Tracy (American actor) passed away

June 10, 1977 – Apple Computer shiped its first Apple II computers

June 10, 2003 – The Spirit Rover was launched, beginning NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover mission

June 10, 2004 – Ray Charles (American singer-songwriter, pianist, actor) passed away

                                         June 11th

June 11, 1817 – The first predecessor of the bicycle was demonstrated. Using his revolutionary Laufmaschine, also known as Draisine, a two-wheeler without pedals, German inventor Karl Drais completed a 14 km test run in less than an hour, presenting a viable alternative to transportation by horse.

June 11, 1845 – Andrew Jackson’s African Grey parrot “Poll” was removed from his funeral for swearing at The Hermitage, Tennessee. Funeral attendee William Menefee Norment recorded: “Before the sermon and while the crowd was gathering, a wicked parrot that was a household pet got excited and commenced swearing so loud and long as to disturb the people and had to be carried from the

June 11, 1847 – Chicago Tribune began publishing

June 11, 1869 – ‘Agnes’ arrived in New Orleans with 1st ever shipment of frozen beef

June 11, 1932 – The 1st demonstration of artificial lightning happened in Pittsfield, Massachusetts

June 11, 1933 – John Dillinger robbed his first bank, in New Carlisle, Ohio. He took $10,600

June 11, 1991 –  The eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines was the second-largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century.

June 11, 1994 – After 49 years, the Soviet military occupation of East Germany ended. At one time there had been 337,800 Soviet troops stationed in Germany. Over 300,000 Russians died during World War II in the Battle for Berlin.

June 11, 1994 – After 49 years, the Soviet military occupation of East Germany ended. At one time there had been 337,800 Soviet troops stationed in Germany. Over 300,000 Russians died during World War II in the Battle for Berlin.

June 11, 2007 – “The Sopranos” series aired it’s finale episode on HBO

                                      June 12th

June 12, 1381 – The peasants’ Revolt happened. The english rebels arrived at Blackheath outside London,  where 14-year-old King Richard II retreated to the safety of the Tower of London

June 12, 1683 – When a conspirator named Josiah Keeling lost his nerve and confessed to The Rye House plotto the goverment. A conspiracy by extremist Whigs planned to assassinate King Charles II and his brother James by ambushing the royal carriages at Rye House.  The assassination never took place. A massive fire destroyed half of Newmarket, causing the King to return to London early and bypassing Rye House entirely before the conspirators were ready. The plot was to prevent the succession of a Catholic monarch.

June 12, 1838 – Hopkins Observatory was dedicated in Williamstown, Massachusetts. It is the oldest extant astronomical observatory in the United States.

June 12, 1849 – Gas mask was patented by Lewis Haslett

June 12, 1860 – The State Bank of the Russian Empire was established

June 12, 1903 – Niagara Falls in Ontario was incorporated as a city

June 12, 1923 – Harry Houdini freed himself from a straight jacket while suspended upside down, 40 feet (12 m) above ground in New York City

June 12, 1926 – Brazil left League of Nations

June 12, 1939 – The Baseball Hall of Fame opened in Cooperstown, New York.

June 12, 1942 – Anne Frank got her diary as a birthday present in Amsterdam

June 12, 1981   – “Raiders of the Lost Ark” directed by Steven Spielberg, premiered in the U.S.

                                      June 13th

June 13, 1777 – Leonard Norcross patented the submarine diving suit

June 13, 1798 – Mission San Luis Rey de Francia was founded in California

June 13, 1866 – U.S. House of representatives passed the 14th Amendment

June 13, 1917 – The deadliest German air raid on London during World War I was carried out by Gotha G bombers. It resulted in 162 deaths, including 46 children with 432 injuries

June 13, 1920 – U.S . Post Office stops parents from mailing thier childern to relatives through regular mail. Due to the 50 pound parcel weight limit, parents found cheaper to send childern through mail, than buy a train ticket.

June 13, 1922 –  Charlie Osborne got the hiccups and it continued for 68 years. He passed away 11 months after it stopped.

June 13, 1925 – Charles Jenkins demonstrated the transmission of synchronized pictures and sound. Which would be later an early verison the the tv.

June 13, 1947 – it was the 1st night game at Fenway Park. With Red Sox 5 White Sox 3

June 13, 1971 – The New York Times began publishing the Pentagon Papers. It was a collection of top secret documents exposing U.S. strategy in the Vietnam War.

                                       June 14th

June 14, 1170 – Henry the Young King was crowned aged 15 at Westminster Abbey. It happened during the lifetime of his father Henry II. It was an attempt to settle the succession

June 14, 1381 – Richard II in England met leaders of the Peasants’ Revolt on Blackheath. The Tower of London was stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.

June 14, 1642 – The 1st compulsory education law in America passed by Massachusetts

June 14, 1775 – The first U.S. Military service was established. The Continental Army consisted of six companies of riflemen. It was established by the Second Continental Congress. The next day, George Washington was appointed by a unanimous vote to command the army.

June 14, 1777 – John Adams introduced a resolution before Congress mandating a United States flag. He stated “that the flag of the thirteen United States shall be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white on a blue field, representing a new constellation.” This anniversary is celebrated each year in the U.S. as Flag Day.The Stars and Stripes is adopted as the Flag of the United States.

June 14, 1834 – Sandpaper was patented by Isaac Fischer Jr in Springfield, Vermont.

June 14, 1841 –  The 1st Canadian parliament opened in Kingston, Ontario

June 14, 1847 – Robert Bunsen invented the Bunsen burner

June 14, 1872 – Trade unions were legalised in Canada

June 14, 1876 – California Street Cable Car Railroad Co was franchised

June 14, 1922 – Warren G. Harding became the first U.S. President to broadcast a message over the radio. The event was the dedication of the Francis Scott Key Memorial in Baltimore

June 14, 1928 – Emmeline Pankhurst (British political activist, suffragette) passed away

June 14, 1942 – Anne Frank began to keep a diary of the events happening around her.

June 14, 1949 – Albert II became the first monkey in space. The rhesus monkey was one of several animals used for testing purposes before sending humans into space. Albert II survived his ascent to 134 km (83 mi) altitude but died on his return to Earth due to a parachute failure.

June 14, 1951 – Univac 1 was the world’s first commercial electronic computer. It was unveiled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was installed at the Census Bureau and utilized a magnetic tape unit as a buffer memory.

                                   June 15th

June 15, 1215 – King John set his seal to Magna Carta. It was the first charter of British liberties, guaranteeing basic rights that have since become the foundation of modern democracies around the world.

June 15, 1667 – The first human blood transfusion was administered. Jean-Baptiste Denys, physician to King Louis XIV of France, transfused sheep blood into a 15-year-old boy. He survived, most likely due to the relatively small amount of blood used.

June 15, 1752 – Benjamin Franklin showed that lightning is electricity.

June 15, 1775 – George Washington was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.

June 15, 1785 – Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and his companion Pierre Romain  die in world’s 1st fatal aviation accident.They crashed near Wimereux in the Pas-de-Calais region of France.

June 15, 1844 – Charles Goodyear patented vulcanization. The American inventor is credited with developing the basic concept of strengthening rubber by adding sulfur or similar materials. Vulcanized rubber is today used for a wide array of products, such as tires and shoe soles.

June 15, 1849 – James K. Polk (American politician, 11th President of the United States) passed away

June 15, 1864 – Robert E. Lee’s home area (Arlington, Virginia) became a military cemetery

June 15, 1878 – World’s first moving pictures was caught on camera. 12 cameras were used, with each taking 1 picture. It was done to see if all 4 of a horse’s hooves leave the ground

June 15, 1911 – IBM was incorporated. It was formed through a merger orchestrated by financier Charles Ranlett Flint.

June 15, 1924 – Native Americans were proclaimed as United States citizens.

June 15, 1934 – The Great Smoky Mountains National Park was founded.

June 15, 1954 – The Union of European Football Associations was founded. The UEFA is the umbrella organization for association football in Europe. It comprises 54 member countries in Europe and Asia.

June 15, 1991 – Mount Pinatubo exploded. The stratovolcano’s eruption was one of the most violent of the 20th century. About 800 people died, but the event had also global consequences. For example, it caused a global temperature drop of 0.5 °C (0.9 °F).

June 15, 1996 – Ella Fitzgerald (American singer) passed away

June 15, 2023 – The water pumped from underground reservoirs has shifted earth’s axis at the North Pole by 4.36 cm a year, with over 2 trillion tons of water extracted 1993-2010.

                                 June 16th

June 16, 1858 – Abraham Lincoln made his House Divided speech.

June 16, 1884 – The first roller coaster in the U.S. opened at Coney Island.

June 16, 1902  – “The Wizard of Oz” musical first opened in Chicago, Illinois

June 16, 1903 – The Ford Motor Company was incorporated.

June 16, 1960 – Alfred Hitchcock’s film Psycho premiered.

June 16, 1963 – Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space as her Soviet spacecraft, Vostok 6.She manually controlled the spacecraft completing 48 orbits in 71 hours before landing safely.

June 16, 1988 – In Santa Barbara, California, a team of 32 divers began cycling underwater on a standard tricycle. It was completed 116.66 mi in 75 hrs 20 mins

June 16, 2010 – The world’s first country-wide total tobacco ban went into effect.

                                        June 17th

June 17, 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departed Spain to explore Florida with 5 ships and 600 men, by 1536 only 4 are still alive

June 17, 1775 – Battle of Bunker Hill took place

June 17, 1856 – Republican Party opened its first national convention. The party members met in Philadelphia

June 17, 1885 – The Statue of Liberty arrived in New York from France.

June 17, 1928 – Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic. Wilmer Stultz piloted the Fokker F.VII aircraft, Earhart kept the flight log. They arrived at Burry Port in Wales, the United Kingdom, 20 hours and 40 minutes later.

June 17, 1939 -The last public guillotining happened in France. Eugen Weidmann, a convicted murderer, is guillotined in Versailles outside the prison Saint-Pierre

June 17, 1944 – Iceland became an independent country.

June 17, 1972 – Following a seemingly routine burglary, five men were arrested at the National Democratic Headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. However, subsequent investigations revealed the burglars were actually agents hired by the Committee for the Re-election of President Richard Nixon. A long chain of events then followed in which the president and top aides became involved in an extensive cover-up of this and other White House sanctioned illegal activities, eventually leading to the resignation of President Nixon on August 9, 1974.

June 17, 2012 – Rodney King (American victim of police brutality) passed away

                                           June 18th

June 18, 1538 – Truce of Nice was signed between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and French King Francis I ending the Italian War of 1536-38

June 18, 1542 – Crown of Ireland Act was passed by the Parliament of Ireland. Giving the English King Henry VIII the title “King of Ireland”

June 18, 1583 – Richard Martin of London took out the first ever recorded life insurance policy, on William Gibbons. The premium was £383

June 18, 1682 – English Quaker William Penn founded Philadelphia, in the Pennsylvania Colony

June 18, 1812 – After much debate, the U.S. Senate voted 19 to 13 in favor of a declaration of war against Great Britain, prompted by Britain’s violation of America’s rights on the high seas and British incitement of Indian warfare on the Western frontier. The next day, President James Madison officially proclaimed the U.S. to be in a state of war. The War of 1812 lasted over two years and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in Belgium on December 24, 1814.

June 18, 1815 – On the fields near Waterloo in central Belgium, 72,000 French troops, led by Napoleon, suffered a crushing military defeat from a combined Allied army of 113,000 British, Dutch, Belgian, and Prussian troops. Thus ended 23 years of warfare between France and the other powers of Europe. Napoleon was then sent into exile on the island of St. Helena off the coast of Africa. On May 5, 1821, the former vain-glorious Emperor died alone on the tiny island, abandoned by everyone.

June 18, 1879 – W. H. Richardson, an African-American inventor, patents the children’s carriage (Patent no. 405599)

June 18, 1928 – Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly in an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean.

June 18, 1940 – Winston Churchill gave his famous Finest Hour speech.

June 18, 1948 – The LP record was introduced. The 33⅓ rpm microgroove vinyl Long Playing record developed by Columbia Records soon became the music industry’s standard medium. It allowed for a total playing time of 20 minutes per side.

June 18, 1979 – Leonid Brezhnev and Jimmy Carter signed SALT II. The second “Strategic Arms Limitation Talks” (SALT) agreement was a ground-breaking arms reduction treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States.

June 18, 1983 – Dr. Sally Ride, a 32-year-old physicist and pilot, became the first American woman in space. The beginning of a six-day mission  of the space shuttle Challenger, launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

June 18, 1989 – I. F. Stone (American journalist, author) passed away

                                                              June 19th

June 19, 1829 – Robert Peel introduced the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 into Parliament to establish a unified police force for London, the city’s first modern police force

June 19, 1846 – The first officially recorded and organized baseball game in U.S. history took place

June 19, 1865 – In Galveston, Texas, upon the arrival of Union troops, Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger read General Order No. 3: “The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States [President Lincoln], all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves…” As a result, an estimated 250,000 enslaved African Americans in Texas were finally freed.

The day is now celebrated as Juneteenth to commemorate Emancipation and to recognize the struggle for freedom and equality of African Americans

.

June 19, 1913 – South Africa implements the Natives Land Act. The law limited the areas of land that could be owned by black people to “native reserve” areas, which comprised less than 10 percent of the country’s total area. It was in force until Apartheid was dismantled in the 1990s.

June 19, 1917 -The British Royal Family, which has had strong German ties since George I, renounced its German names and titles and adopts the name of Windsor

June 19, 1948 – The first NASCAR-sanctioned stock car race was the “Strictly Stock” division race held

June 19, 1953 – Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed by electrocution at Sing Sing Prison in New York. They had been found guilty of providing vital information on the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union during 1944-45. They were the first U.S. civilians to be sentenced to death for espionage and were also the only married couple ever executed together in the U.S.

June 19, 1964 – The U.S. Senate passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 18 Senators unsuccessfully launched a filibuster to prevent passage of the law against discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Richard Russel stated, “We will resist to the bitter end any measure or any movement which would have a tendency to bring about social equality and intermingling and amalgamation of the races in our (Southern) states.” The bill was signed into law on July 2, 1964.

June 19, 1978 – The comic strip Garfield 41 debuted newspapers across the United States. Created by cartoonist Jim Davis

June 19, 1993 – William Golding (English author, poet, playwright, Nobel Prize laureate) passed away

June 19, 2015 – Pixar’s animated film “Inside Out” was released

                                        June 20th

June 20, 451  – Battle of the Catalaunian Plains: Roman and Visigoths forces defeat Attila the Hun in north east France, halting Hun invasion of Roman Gaul (exact date disputed)

June 20, 1782 – The U.S. Congress officially adopted the Great Seal of the United States of America.

June 20, 1819 -The SS Savannah reaches Cork in Ireland after a 29 day and 11 hour voyage from Savannah, Georgia to become the 1st steamship to cross the Atlantic or any other ocean

June 20, 1837 – Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. During the 64 years of her regency, the United Kingdom became one of the world’s most potent powers. The British Empire soon encompassed large parts of the planet. Queen Victoria died in 1901.

June 20, 1837 – William IV of the United Kingdom passed away

June 20, 1840 – American inventor Samuel Morse patented the telegraph

June 20, 1863 – West Virginia was admitted as the 35th U.S. state.

June 20, 1895 – The first female PhD was from an American University It was earned by Caroline Willard Baldwin (in Science) at Cornell University

June 20, 1947 – Bugsy Siegel (American gangster) passed away

June 20, 1963 – The “Red Telephone” was instituted. The hotline between the U.S. and the Soviet Union was established following Cuban Missile Crisis. Contrary to popular belief, communications between the two superpowers occurred via teletype or fax, and today, via email.

June 20, 1975 – The film “Jaws”  premiered.

June 20, 2020 – Highest-ever temperature recorded in the Arctic circle was 38C (100F) in Verkhoyansk, Siberia

                                       June 21st

June 21, 1377 – Edward III of England passed away

June 21, 1527 – Niccolò Machiavelli (Italian historian, philosopher) passed away

June 21, 1675 – Foundation stone for London’s St. Paul’s Cathedral is laid

June 21, 1788 – US Constitution comes into effect when New Hampshire is the 9th state to ratify it

June 21, 1834 – American inventor and businessman Cyrus McCormick patented the reaping machine

June 21, 1853 – Envelope-folding machine was patented by Russell Hawes in Worcester, Massachusetts

June 21, 1879 -Frank Winfield Woolworth opened his 1st successful “Woolworth’s Great Five Cent Store” on North Queen Street, Lancaster, Pennsylvania

June 21, 1893 – The 1st Ferris wheel opened at Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois

June 21, 1898 – Guam became a U.S. territory.

June 21, 1963 – Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini became Pope Paul VI. The Italian pontiff is known for completing the Second Vatican Council, addressing the Roman Catholic Church’s relationship with the modern world.

June 21, 1978 – Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice’s musical “Evita” premieres at the Prince Edward Theatre, London

June 21, 1993 – English mathematician Andrew Wiles proved last theorem of French mathematician Pierre de Fermat after 356 years, the world’s most difficult maths problem

June 21, 1997 – The WNBA played it’s first basketball game.

June 21, 2003 – J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix was published.

June 21, 2004 – The first privately funded spacecraft, SpaceShipOne, reached space.

June 21, 2009 – Greenland assumed self-rule. The island had been administered by Denmark (earlier Denmark-Norway) for centuries. The Self-Government Act grants Greenland full responsibility for its inner affairs, while Denmark retains control of foreign policy.

                                       June 22nd

June 21, 1342 – Fictional character of “The Hobbit” Bilbo Baggins returned to his home at Bag End, Shire Reckoning

June 21, 1377 – 10-year-old Richard of Bordeaux succeeded his grandfather Edward III as Richard II, King of England

June 21, 1535 – Cardinal John Fisher was beheaded on Tower Hill, London. For refusing to acknowledge King Henry VIII as head of the Church of England

June 21, 1633 – The Catholic Church forces Galileo Galilei to renounced for his heliocentric world view. The Holy Office concluded that the Italian scientist, by stating that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the Universe, was “vehemently suspect of heresy”. Galileo spent the rest of his life under house arrest.

June 21, 1815 – After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon Bonaparte abdicated for the second time. It was in favor of his son Napoleon II

June 21, 1825 – British Parliament abolished feudalism and the seigneurial system in British North America

June 21, 1832 – John Howe patented the pin manufacturing machine

June 22, 1847 –  The first ring doughnut supposedly was created by Hanson Gregory

June 21, 1911 – King George V  was crowned King of the of Great Britain and Ireland, Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, and all his realms and territories beyond the sea

June 21, 1931 – RVU, Radio-Volks-University was formed

June 22, 1934 – John Dillinger was informally named America’s first Public Enemy Number One

June 21, 1939 – Princess and future Queen Elizabeth met future her husband Prince Philip of Greece. She was 13 at the time, and he was 18.

June 21, 1940 – France signed armistice with Nazi Germany.

June 21, 1969 – Judy Garland (American actress, singer) passed away

June 21, 1977 – Walt Disney’s “Rescuers” was released It was the first Disney film to get a sequel.

June 21, 1978 – Pluto’s moon Charon was discovered by by American astronomer James Christy

June 21, 1987 – Fred Astaire (American actor, singer, dancer) passed away

June 21, 1990 – Checkpoint Charlie was dismantled. The crossing point on the sector border between East Berlin and West Berlin had become obsolete with the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Today, the former checkpoint, including the famous sign stating “You are leaving the American sector”, is a tourist attraction.

June 21, 1993 – Pat Nixon (American educator, 39th First Lady of the United States) passed away

June 21, 2005 – The movie Herbie: Fully Loaded was released into theatres

June 21, 2008 – George Carlin (American comedian, actor, author) passed away

                                     June 23rd

June 23, 930 – World’s oldest parliament, the Icelandic Parliament was established

June 23, 1724 – Russia and Turkey signed Treaty of Constantinople

June 23, 1819 –  the first editions of “The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.” by Washington Irving were released It featured story “Rip Van Winkle”

June 23, 1892 – Chicago’s ‘The Inter Ocean’ launched the 1st US newspaper with color supplement

June 23, 1894 – International Olympic Committee was founded.

June 23, 1926 – The College Board administered the first SAT exam in U.S.

June 23, 1931 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty started their record-breaking flight around the world. The American-Australian team was the first to circumnavigate the planet in a single-engine plane. After several stops, they returned to Roosevelt Field eight days later.

They took nearly two weeks less than the previous record holder, the German airship Graf Zeppelin.

June 23, 1938 – Marineland, originally named “Marine Studios,” opened in Florida, becoming the world’s first oceanarium

June 23, 1947 – US President Truman’s veto of Taft-Hartley Act. Which restricted the power of trade unions is overridden by Congress and becomes law

June 23, 1949 – The first twelve women graduated from Harvard Medical School.

June 23, 1960 – First contraceptive pill is made available for purchase in the United States

June 23, 1972 – U.S. President Nixon signed the act barring sex discrimination in college sports

June 23, 1980 – “David Letterman Show” debuted on NBC-TV daytime

June 23, 1981 – Longest game recorded in Professional Baseball was Pawtucket Red Sox finally beat Rochester Red Wings 3-2 in 33 innings (game began 18th April)

June 23, 1989 – The movie Batman was released.

June 23, 1991 – Sonic the Hedgehog video game was first released for the Sega Genesis.

June 23, 1995 – Jonas Salk (American biologist, physician) passed away

                                   June 24th

June 24, 1441 – Eton College was founded in England by Henry VI

June 24, 1488 – James IV was crowned King of Scotland at Scone Abbey in Scone He was 15.

June 24, 1509 – Henry VIII was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey, London

June 24, 1604 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (English courtier) passed away

June 24, 1717 –  the 1st Free Masons’ grand lodge was founded in London

June 24, 1793 – The first Republican constitution in France was adopted

June 24, 1794 – Bowdoin College was founded in Maine, U.S.

June 24, 1880 – The first performance of the song O Canada at a Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day banquet held at the Pavillon des Patineurs (Skaters’ Pavilion) in Quebec City, Quebec. It became the national anthem of Canada.

June 24, 1821 – Venezuela became independent from Spain.

June 24, 1853 – U.S. President Franklin Pierce signed the Gadsden Purchase. It was 29,670 square-miles (76,800 square km) from Mexico for $10 million

June 24, 1861 – Tennessee became 11th state to secede from Union

June 24, 1901 – First exhibition of Pablo Picasso’s art opened. Held at the Parisian gallery of Ambroise Vollard on Rue Laffitte, the showcase featured 75 of the young, 19-year-old artist’s works and proved to be a critical and financial

June 24, 1908 – Grover Cleveland (American lawyer, politician, 22nd President of the United States) passed away

June 24, 1916 – Mary Pickford became first movie star to get million dollar contract.

June 24, 1930 – The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory engineers in Anacostia, Washington, D.C. first used detection of an airplane using reflected radio waves, a precursor to radar

June 24, 1939 – Pan American Airways launched its first scheduled transatlantic airmail flight

June 24, 1948  – Soviet Union blockaded West Berlin by stopping access by road, rail and water

June 24, 1983 – The first female American astronaut, Sally Ride, returned to earth.

June 24, 2010 – Labor Party deputy Julia Gillard became Australia’s first female Prime Minister.

June 24, 2010 – The longest match in tennis history happened  between American John Isner defeats Nicolas Mahut of France at Wimbledon.  11 hours, 5 minutes over the course of 3 days

                                       June 25th

June 25, 1483 – The House of Lords and Commons declared  King Edward V of England as a illegitimate , which was based on his parent’s alleged bigamous marriage

June 25, 1633 – When governor John Winthrop took out split spoon ( know as the fork today ) at the dinner table, the utensil was dubbed “evil” by the clergy.

June 25, 1672 – The 1st recorded monthly Quaker meeting was held at Sandwich, Massachusetts

June 25, 1876 –  The Battle of the Little Big Horn ( Custer’s Last stand ) took place

June 25, 1910 – Igor Stravinsky’s ballet “The Firebird” premiered. The work was performed by Sergei Diaghilev’s legendary ballet company “Ballets Russes”. It was a huge success, which catapulted Stravinsky to stardom.

June 25, 1929 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover authorized building of Boulder Dam. Known as the Hoover Dam today.

June 25, 1947 – The Diary of Anne Frank was published. The Jewish girl’s account of her life in hiding from the Nazis has become a well-known work of world literature. It made Anne one of the most prominent victims of the Nazi regime. She died at age 15 in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

June 25, 1950 – The Korean War began on the line of latitude that divided Soviet-backed North Korea from the American-supported South.

June 25, 1967 – The world’s first live global satellite TV program aired. The BBC program “Our World” featured artists from 19 countries. The Beatles premiered their song “All You Need Is Love” on the show, and 400 million viewers tuned in.

June 25, 1978 – First use of the rainbow flag ( a symbol of gay pride) was at a march in San Francisco. The flag was made by Gilbert Baker.

June 25, 1990 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional for any state to require a minor to notify both parents before obtaining an abortion.

June 25, 2009 – Michael Jackson (American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer, actor) passed away

                                   June 26th

June 26, 1810 – Joseph-Michel Montgolfier (French inventor, co-invented the hot air balloon) passed away

June 26, 1819 – The first version of the bicycle was invented. It was called the hobby horse.  In Mannheim, Germany, Baron Karl von Drais  made of wood and had no pedals, gears, or chains. He pushed himself along first by one foot and then the other.

June 26, 1830 – George IV of the United Kingdom passed away. His death occurred at Windsor Castle after a long period of declining health caused by his extravagant lifestyle, heavy drinking, and obesity.

June 26, 1870 – The 1st section of Atlantic City Boardwalk opened in New Jersey.

June 26, 1925 – Charlie Chaplin’s film “The Gold Rush” premiered at Grauman’s Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles.

June 26, 1936 – The world’s first practical helicopter lifted off. The twin-rotor Focke-Wulf Fw 61 was first tested in Bremen, Germany. None of the first prototypes survived World War II but a replica can be seen at the Hubschraubermuseum in Bückeburg, Germany.

June 26, 1945 – The United Nations Charter was signed in San Francisco by 50 nations. The Charter was ratified on October 24, 1945.

June 26, 1974 -The Universal Product Code (UPC) was scanned for the first time. A package of Wrigley’s chewing gum was the first product.

June 26, 1977 – Elvis Presley gave his last concert at Indianapolis’ Market Square Arena. He died seven weeks later on Aug. 16, 1977.

June 26, 1979 – Muhammad Ali offically retired from boxing.

June 26, 1997 – J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone was published.

                                       June 27th

June 27, 1652 – New Amsterdam (now New York City) enacted the first speed limit law in North America.

June 27, 1709 –  Peter the Great of Russia defeated Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava. Charles went into exile in Bender, Ottoman Empire after the Great Northern War

June 27, 1778 – The Liberty Bell returned home to Philadelphia after the British departure.

June 27, 1847 – The telegraph wires were linked between New York and Boston

June 27, 1867 – Bank of Stockton opened it’s doors. It is still the oldest bank in California still operating under its original charter.

June 27, 1929 – The first U.S. public demonstration of a color T.v..For it was Transmitting 50-line images (featuring a bouquet of roses and an American flag) between New York and Washington, D.C. It was presented by  Bell Telephone Laboratories

June 27, 1945 – The Geuzen Resistance 1940-1945 Foundation (Stichting Geuzenverzet 1940-45) was established to keep alive the ideals and memory of the Geuzen, who were the first members of the Dutch resistance in World War II.

June 27, 1954 – The world’s first nuclear power plant was activated. The reactor at Obninsk in present-day Russia remained in operation for 48 years.

June 27, 1956 – The film “Moby Dick” premiered in New Bedford, Massachusetts.

June 27, 1960 – Chlorophyll “A” was first synthesized in Cambridge, Massachusetts

June 27, 1963 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy spent his 1st full day in Ireland. He was th first American president to visit Ireland.

June 27, 1967 – The first ever ATM was installed in London, England.

June 27, 1985 – The famous road Route 66 was no longer considered an official highway.

June 27, 1994 – Aerosmith became first major band to let fans download a full new track free from the internet

June 27, 2001 – Jack Lemmon (American actor, singer, director) passed away

                                      June 28th

June 28, 1461 – Yorkist Edward IV was crowned King of England after deposing Henry VI from the House of Lancaster

June 28, 1635 – French colony of Guadeloupe was established in the Caribbean

June 28, 1762 – Russian Tsarina Catherine II seized power, and declaring herself sovereign ruler of Russia

June 28, 1776 – The final draft of Declaration of Independence was submitted to Continental Congress

June 28, 1914 – Archduke Francis Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Austria, and his wife were assassinated at Sarajevo.It was a conflict between the Austro-Hungarian government and Serbia which escalated into World War I.

June 28, 1820 – Colonel Robert Gibbon proved tomatoes were not poisonous by eating a tomato on the steps of a courthouse in Salem, New Jersey.

When tomatoes were placed on particular tableware, the fruit would leach lead from the plate, which was said to result in illness from lead poisoning. No one made this connection between plate and poison at the time; the tomato was picked as the culprit.

June 28, 1836 – James Madison (American politician, 4th President of the United States) passed away

June 28, 1838 – Queen Victoria at aged 19, was crowned Queen. It was a five-hour ceremony at Westminster Abbey, London

June 28, 1846 – The saxophone was patented. Belgian musician Adolphe Sax developed the woodwind instrument typically made of brass, which in recent decades has heavily influenced the sound of the jazz, military band, rock, and pop musical genres.

June 28, 1894 – Labor Day was made an official U.S. holiday.

June 28, 1919 – The signing of the Treaty of Versailles formally ending the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.Maeking the end of World War I.  According to the terms, Germany was assessed sole blame for the war, forced give up Alsace-Lorraine and overseas colonies, and pay reparations of $15 Billion. The treaty also prohibited German rearmament.

June 28, 1969 – A police raid of a gay tavern sparked a series of violent clashes. The Stonewall Riots in New York City marked the beginning of the gay rights movement in the United States. The Christopher Street Day, a yearly observance for Gay Pride in some European countries, is named after the bar’s location.

                                        June 29th

June 29, 1613 – Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre in London, burned down during a performance of “Henry VIII”. It was rebuilt in the following year.

June 29, 1850 – British ex-Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel fell off his horse and died three days later

June 29, 1895 – Thomas Henry Huxley (English biologist) passed away

June 29, 1937 – The snowmobile was invented. Canadian inventor Joseph-Armand Bombardier brought the first commercial enclosed snowmobile, the B7, to market.

June 29, 1940 – In the Batman Comics,Mobster Tony Zucco sabotaged the Flying Graysons’ trapeze, causing star aerialists John and Mary Grayson to fall to their deaths. Witnessing the murder firsthand, Dick ( their son ) was fostered by Bruce Wayne.

June 29, 1964 – Civil Rights Act of 1964 passeed after an 83-day filibuster in the US Senate

June 29, 1967 – Jayne Mansfield (American model, actress, singer) passed away

June 29, 1972 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment was a violation of the Eighth Amendment prohibiting “cruel and unusual punishment.” The decision spared the lives of 600 individuals then sitting on death row.

June 29, 1995 – For the first time, the NASA Space Shuttle Atlantis docked with the Russian Mir space station.

June 29, 2003 – Katharine Hepburn (American actress, singer)passed away

June 29, 2007 – Apple released the first iPhone. The iPhone revolutionized the smartphone industry and for a while made Apple one of the world’s most valuable companies.

June 29, 2008 – Thomas Beatie underwent sex reassignment surgery involving a double mastectomy. Officially changing his sex marker from “female” to “male” on his state and federal identity documents in 2002. However, he retained his female reproductive organs, which later allowed him to become pregnant. Without the female organs, one can not become pregnant.

                                           June 30th

June 30, 1559 – King Henry II of France was seriously injured in a jousting match against Gabriel de Montgomery.Despite being treated by renowned physicians like Ambroise Paré, the untreated eye and brain damage led to a fatal infection. The king suffered in agony for 10 days before dying of sepsis on July 10, 1559

June 30, 1607 – Annales Ecclesiastici (Scientific History of Catholicism) was published

June 30, 1665 – The number of deaths in London from the Great Plague during June is recorded as 6,137 people

June 30, 1860 – Famous debate on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution was held at the Oxford University Museum. It dominated by arguments between Thomas Henry Huxley and Bishop Samuel Wilberforce

June 30, 1864 – Yosemite Grant Act was signed by President Abraham Lincoln. It bestowed 200,000 acres to the state of California, which established America’s first state-controlled park

June 30, 1865 – 8 alleged conspirators in assassination of Lincoln are found guilty.

Mary Surratt: Owner of the boarding house used for plotting.

Lewis Powell: Attempted to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward.

David Herold: Aided Powell and escorted John Wilkes Booth.

George Atzerodt: Tasked with assassinating Vice-President Andrew Johnson.

Dr. Samuel Mudd: Life sentence for treating Booth’s broken leg.

Samuel Arnold & Michael O’Laughlen Jr.: Life sentences for a prior kidnapping plot.Edman Spangler: Six-year sentence for aiding Booth’s escape.

Edmund Spangler: A stagehand at Ford’s Theatre who helped Booth by holding his horse and providing access.

June 30, 1870 – Ada Kepley becames 1st American female law college graduate (Old University of Chicago, later Northwestern)

June 30, 1894 – London’s Tower Bridge opened across the Thames

June 30, 1896 – William S. Hadaway patented an electric stove in the U.S.

June 30, 1898 – Winton Motor Carriage Company published the first known automobile ad in Scientific American using the headline “dispense with a horse.

June 30, 1905 – Albert Einstein published “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies on Relativity.”

June 30, 1906 – U.S. Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.President Theodore Roosevelt signed both pieces of monumental consumer protection legislation into law on the same day. These laws owe much to the exposure journalism  of Upton Sinclair’s 1906 novel The Jungle. It revealed appalling unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

June 30, 1908 – A giant fireball, most likely caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet flattened 80 million trees near the Stony Tunguska River in Yeniseysk Governorate, Russia. It was the largest impact event in recorded history

June 30, 1936 – Margaret Mitchell’s novel “Gone With The Wind” was published

June 30, 1937 – The world’s first emergency call telephone service was launched in London using the number 999

June 30, 1938 –  Superman first appeared in DC Comics’ Action Comics Series issue #1

June 30, 1955 – “Johnny Carson Show” debuted on CBS-TV

June 30, 1971 – The 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was enacted.  It granted the right to vote in all federal, state, and local elections to American citizens 18 years or older. The U.S. thus gained an additional 11 million voters. The minimum voting age in most states had been 21.

June 30, 1997 – In Hong Kong, the flag of the British Crown Colony was officially lowered at midnight and replaced by a new flag representing China’s sovereignty and the official transfer of power.